PAKET UMROH BULAN FEBRUARI MARET APRIL MEI 2018

DATA TUNGGAL BARU SEKITAR 139 JUTA

Warga yang sudah merekam data untuk KTP elektronik sudah sebanyak 175 juta jiwa. Namun, dari jumlah itu, data yang dipastikan tunggal baru 139 juta, sisanya belum terverifikasi secara daring (online) untuk mengetahui kemungkinan adanya perekaman ganda.

Meskipun begitu, menurut Menteri Dalam Negeri Gamawan Fauzi, Jumat (22/2), di Jakarta, semua data tersebut dimasukkan dalam data penduduk potensial pemilih pemilu (DP4) untuk Pemilihan Umum 2014. Karena itu, data tersebut tidak ditandai sebagai ”tunggal” pada DP4.

”Bagaimana kami menulis itu tunggal kalau masih offline. Sebanyak 175 juta (hasil perekaman KTP elektronik) itu sudah masuk dan kami perkirakan mendekati tunggal. Tapi, yang sudah pasti tunggal 139 juta. Yang lain masih kami uji lagi, mumpung ada waktu 4 bulan,” tutur Gamawan.

Sebelumnya, berkali-kali Gamawan mengatakan, data hasil perekaman KTP elektronik sebanyak 175 juta bisa diyakini akurasi dan validitasnya. Karena itu, dari sekitar 190 juta data penduduk pada DP4 yang diserahkan ke KPU, Panitia Pendaftaran Pemilih (Pantarlih) tinggal memutakhirkan data 15 juta penduduk. Apabila jumlah ini dibagi 77.465 kelurahan/desa, rata-rata hanya sekitar 200 penduduk yang masih perlu dicek (Kompas, 7 Februari 2013).

Anggota Komisi II DPR, Arif Wibowo, menengarai DP4 yang disampaikan pemerintah ke KPU masih ”kotor”. ”Dari sekitar 190 juta data penduduk di DP4, masih ada lebih dari 57.000 jiwa yang berusia di bawah 10 tahun. Juga masih ada ribuan data ganda dan ber- NIK (nomor induk kependudukan) sama. Data hasil rekam KTP elektronik hanya sekitar 134 juta,” ujarnya.

Karena itu, Arif meminta KPU menyinkronkan DP4 dengan data hasil pilkada/pemilu terakhir. Setelah itu, data pemilih perlu dimutakhirkan dan diteliti dengan sungguh-sungguh.

Gamawan menilai tidak banyak data yang tidak valid. ”Semua (pembersihan data) masih berjalan sampai Oktober,” katanya. Kemendagri juga akan berkoordinasi dengan KPU terkait hasil pembersihan data.

Anggota KPU, Hadar N Gumay, memastikan Pantarlih akan mengecek semua data warga yang berhak memilih tanpa membedakan kesertaan dalam perekaman KTP elektronik. Dari hasil pencocokan dan penelitian, KPU menyusun daftar pemilih sementara.

Sumber : Kompas

JANGAN BERCUKUR SEMBARANGAN

REPUBLIKA.CO.ID, MINA — Tiap tahun, ratusan tukang cukur paruh waktu tanpa izin resmi membanjiri kota suci Mina. Mereka tumpah ruah untuk melakukan ritual haji terakhir, yakni mencukur rambut jamaah haji.

“Saya mencukur rambut karena ini adalah perintah Nabi Muhammad. Saat ini udara sangat panas, jadi mencukur rambut bukan gagasan yang buruk,” ujar jamaah haji asal Yaman Mohamed Hassan saat akan dicukur dengan menggunakan pisau.

Sambil mengusap darah yang mengalir di kepalanya dengan tangan, Hassan mengatakan Allah akan melindungi dirinya dan jamaah haji lain.

Para tukang cukur ini menggunakan pisau cukur yang sama bagi puluhan jamaah haji. Hal ini menjadikan praktik mereka sangat berisiko dalam penyebaran penyakit di antara dua juta orang yang berhaji tahun ini.

Praktik mencukur seperti ini yang coba dihentikan kementerian kesehatan Arab Saudi selama bertahun-tahun. Para tukang cukur mampu menghindari aparat dengan mengatakan mereka adalah kerabat kliennya dan mengaku tidak menerima upah mencukur.

Tahun ini, pihak berwenang memasang iklan besar-besaran di televisi dan radio berisi peringatan mengenai potensi bahaya kesehatan mencukur rambut sembarangan. Mereka juga membawa tukang cukur berlisensi dari seluruh negeri ke Mina. Selain itu, mereka juga memasang poster, seperti biasa.

Hal ini bukannya tanpa hambatan. Pemilik salon berlisensi di Mina mengatakan para jamaah haji memiliki dana yang terbatas. Sedikitnya 60 persen jamaah haji mempercayakan pencukuran rambut mereka kepada tukang cukur tidak resmi atau mencukur rambut mereka sendiri.

“Saya tidak mampu membayar apapun melebihi 10 saudi riyal (2,7 dolar AS). Tukang cukur yang direkomendasikan pemerintah harganya mahal,” ujar seorang pekerja pabrik dari Mesir, Salam Assem, seperti dikutip dari Reuters, Rabu (16/10).

Pejabat kementerian kesehatan mengatakan sulit mengetahui berapa banyak jamaah yang tertular penyakit akibat pemakaian pisau cukur yang sama. Sebabnya, jamaah kembali ke negara masing-masing. Hal ini menyulitkan pengumpulan data dan koordinasi. Namun, kekhawatiran penularan penyakit sangat nyata.

“Berbagi pakai penggunaan pisau cukur sangat berbahaya. Melalui luka terbuka, virus seperti HIV, hepatitis B dan C dan malaria bisa menular dari satu orang ke orang lain. Bahkan melalui tangan yang kotor bisa tertular kudis dan infeksi kulit lainnya,” kata doketr di sebuah rumah sakit di Mina Amin al-Mahdi.

Sebuah penelitian pada 2008 yang diterbitkan dalam Jurnal Infeksi dan Kesehatan Publik terdapat daftar panjang penyebab tekanan ekstrem, misalnya udara panas, sengatan matahari, rasa haus, padatnya orang, kepadatan lalu lintas, licinnya jalanan dan jalan yang tidak rata.
 

Sumber : http://www.jurnalhaji.com

Baca Artikel Lainnya : CALON HAJI DAN UMRAH DI PERBOLEHKAN MEMBAWA UANG

CARA TEPAT MEMILIH LAMPU HEMAT ENERGI

Penerangan cahaya pada malam hari sangat di butuhkan, selain untuk membantu penglihatan agar lebih jelas, bantuan penerangan dari cahaya lampu juga dapat membuat kita bisa terus beraktifitas pada malam hari. Namun sumber energi yang ada mulai terbatas sedangkan jumlah pemakai semakin bertambah, mengakibatkan harga untuk memakai energi listik menjadi mahal.

Untuk dapat megatasinya gunakanlah sebijak mungkin dalam penggunaannya, ada banyak cara diantaranya untuk mengganti lampu pijar dengan lapu hemat energi, yaitu lampu Compack Flourcent Light (CFL), hal ini banyak di gunakan dari mulai pabrik dan rumah tinggal, hal ini dilakukan untuk dapat menekan tagihan listrik tiap bulannya, karena diyakini penggunaan lampu CFL lebih hemat energi jika dibanding dengan lampu pijar atau lampu bohlam.

Cara Tepat Memilih Lampu

Namun berita terbaru penggunaan lampu CFL mengandung resiko terhadap kesehatan tubuh khusunya kulit, dari hasil penelitian Stony Brook University di New York AS bahwa lampu hemat energi tersebut memancarkan radiasi ultraviolet (UV) yang lumayan tinggi, sehingga dikhawatirkan dapat megakibatkan keruskan pada pada sel kulit, dan pada paparan yang sangat tinggi akan menyebabkan kanker. ini telah dibuktikan dengan cara melakukan uji coba pada kulit yang  sama, dengann memaparkan cahaya dari lampu CFL dan lampu pijar, setelah dianalaisa ternyata kuit yang terkena paparan cahaya lampu hemat energi mengalami kerusakan yang sangat signifikan, hasilnya sinar lampu ini benar-benar mampu mengakibatkan kematian sel, sedangkan sel kulit yang terkena lampu pijar tidak mengalami kerusakan yang terlau berarti,  ”Ungkap peneliti Marcia Simon yang juga profesor dermatologi dari Stony Breek University”.

Seperti yang di kutip dari livescience, peneliti telah meyakini bila terjadi keretakan sekecil apapun pada pembungkus lampu CFL, bisa dapat menyebabkan bocornya sinar UV sehingga membahayakan bagi kesehatan kulit, selain itu lampu CFL juga mengandung bahan berbahaya lainnya seperti merkuri yang dipercaya bisa merusak jaringan saraf, bayi yang lahir bisa mengalami kecacatan dan resiko kesehatan lainnya

Namun dari pihak produsen lampu CFL, telah menanggapi bahwa tingkat radiasi yang dipancarkan oleh lampu CFL masih relatif  aman dan rendah sehingga masih bisa  digunakan untuk keperluan sehari-hari.

Kesimpulannya

Dengan adanya penelitian tentang  lampu hemat energei atau CFL, kita sebagai konsumen dituntut lebih bijak dalam menggunakan energi yang mulai terbatas, bijak juga dalam memilih lampu sebagai sumber penerangan yang lebih ramah terhadap kesehatan untuk keluarga tercinta kita, jadi tidak semata-mata demi menghemat dan melakukan efiseinsi energi atau untuk menekan tagihan listrik yang sepertinya memang akan mengalami kenaikan yang tidak lama lagi.

Mudah-mudahan  postingan Cara Tepat Memilih Lampu Hemat Energi ini bisa bermanfaat dan menjadikan kita lebih bijak kala menggunakan energi listrik

SKYPE

Skype adalah sebuah program komunikasi dengan teknologi P2P (peer to peer). Program ini merupakan program bebas (dapat diunduh gratis) dan dibuat dengan tujuan penyediaan sarana komunikasi suara (voice) berkualitas tinggi yang murah berbasiskan internet untuk semua orang di berbagai belahan dunia. Pengguna Skype dapat berbicara dengan pengguna Skype lainnya dengan gratis, menghubungi telepon tradisional dengan biaya (skypeOut), menerima panggilan dari telepon tradisional (SkypeIn), dan menerima pesan suara . Teknologi skype ditemukan oleh wirausahawan Niklas Zennström dan Janus Friis, orang yang sama yang menemukan Kazaa dan Joost (P2P untuk televisi). Skype lalu berkompetisi dengan protokol terbuka VoIP yang sudah ada seperti SIP, IAX, dan H.323. Grup Skype yang dibentuk pada bulan September 2003 lalu dibeli oleh perusahaan lelang internet raksasa di Amerika e-Bay pada bulan September 2005 dan bermarkas di Luxembourg, Jerman dengan kantor-kantor di London, Inggris, Praha, Rusia dan San Jose, California, A.S.

Sejak diluncurkan skype telah mengalami pertumbuhan pesat baik dari penggunaannya yang populer maupun pengembangan perangkat lunaknya, jasa yang ditawarkan pun menjadi beragam mulai dari penggunaan gratis maupun berbayar.

Hanya dalam beberapa tahun saja pada bulan April 2006 Skype memiliki 100 juta pengguna.

1. Komunikasi global dan lokal yang lebih ekonomis melalui suara atau konferensi video. Sebagai ilustrasi pada tahun 2007 perbandingan menelpon ke Amerika dari Indonesia adalah Rp.6,640,-/ menit.    sedangkan dengan menggunakan skype, aktivitas ini didapatkan gratis (untuk sesama pengguna skype) dan berbayar bila skype digunakan untuk menelpon ke pesawat telpon genggam: Rp. 1,593/ menit atau pesawat telpon rumah: Rp. 423/ menit . Komunikasi menjadi lebih murah dan terjangkau. Konferensi bisa dilangsungkan antar pengguna (dua orang) sampai dengan lima pengguna sekaligus.
2. Penggunaannya yang mudah. Untuk pengguna yang telah biasa menggunakan pengirim-penerima pesan instan internet, perangkat lunak skype akan dirasakan mudah. Pengguna hanya diharuskan untuk memiliki komputer dengan spesifikasi teknis tertentu, headset (yang memiliki mike dan speaker), serta sambungan internet.
3. Kualitas suara yang lebih baik dibandingakan VoIP pendahulunya. Kegunaan dasar pembicaraan telepon melalui komputer di mana pun pengguna berada (dengan koneksi internet) secara gratis.

Kualitas suara yang lebih baik

Dalam hal kualitas suara yang lebih baik, hal ini mungkin terjadi karena tim kerja Skype telah berhasil mengontrol sumberdaya- sumberdaya yang tersedia pada jaringan. Sehingga meningkatkan keberhasilan panggilan dan kualitas pada jaringan Skype melebihi tingkat POTS (Plain Old Telephony System: Sistem Telepon Tua Biasa) tanpa menggunakan pemusatan sumberdaya yang mahal. Dengan menyederhanakan perangkat lunaknya, sistem ini memungkinkan pengaplikasian yang mudah oleh siapapun.

Traversal Firewall dan NAT (Network Address Translation)

Klien-klien yang tidak menggunakan firewall dan klien-klien yang sudah berada pada alamat-alamat IP publik yang terarah dapat membantu “ujung- penghubung” dari NAT berkomunikasi dengan mengarahkan panggilan. Hal ini memungkinkan dua klien yang awalnya tidak bisa berkomunikasi untuk berbicara satu sama lainnya, karena sinyal panggilan di terjemahkan pada pengguna akhir yang satu dan pengguna akhir lainnya, sehingga kekhawatiran akan risiko keamanan atau privasi dapat diatasi. Bersamaan dengan hal ini, hanya proxi-proxi yang memiliki “jatah” berlebih yang dipilih sehingga performa pada penggunanya tidak terganggu. Beberapa teknik baru telah dikembangkan untuk menghindari konfigurasi firewall dan gateway pada pengguna akhir, dimana setting konfigurasi yang tidak sensitif biasanya menghambat mayoritas pengguna dalam berkomunikasi. Singkatnya, Skype bekerja di belakang mayoritas firewall dan gateway tanpa menggunakan konfigurasi khusus.

Data dan Alat Pencari Pengguna Global Terdesentralisasi

Kebanyakan dari pengirim- penerima pesan instan (Instant Messenger) atau perangkat lunak komunikasi memerlukan bentuk data pencari terpusat yang bertujuan agar hubungan antar pengguna akhir berhasil dilakukan, dimana para pengguna akhir ini memiliki nama pengguna statis karena alamat IP-nya cenderung berubah. Perubahan ini terjadi saat pengguna berpindah lokasi atau mencoba menghubungkan diri kembali ke dalam jaringan dengan menggunakan alamat IP dinamis. Kebanyakan dari alat komunikasi yang berbasiskan internet, mencari dan menemukan penggunanya menggunakan sentral informasi (central directory) dimana setiap nama pengguna dan nomor IPnya tercatat dan mencari tahu apakah setiap pengguna sedang dalam jaringan (online) atau tidak. Sentral informasi ini amatlah besar biayanya ketika penggunanya bertambah hingga jutaan, dengan mendesentralisasikan infrastruktur yang memakan banyak sumberdaya ini, skype berhasil memfokuskan sumber dayanya untuk mengembangkan fungsi. Teknologi jaringan P2P yang digunakan oleh aplikasi “berbagi berkas” (file-sharing) sebenarnya hampir cocok untuk digunakan pada jaringan desentralisasi yang digunakan oleh skype, namun jaringan-jaringan ini secara alamiah telah terbagi-bagi. Pencarian tidak dapat menghubungkan seluruh “ujung” yang terdapat di jaringan. Sehingga untuk dapat berkomunikasi dengan kualitas telepon yang baik dengan biaya serendah mungkin, diperlukan pengembangan generasi ketiga dari teknologi P2P (“3G P2P”) atau dikenal juga dengan Indeks Global (Global Index) disingkat IG – hal ini membuktikan sekali lagi pergeseran paradigma pada istilah “jaringan yang mungkin” . Teknologi IG adalah jaringan berlapis-lapis dimana antara penghubung-super (supernones) saling berkomunikasi dengan cara tertentu sehingga setiap penghubung dalam jaringan memiliki pengetahuan penuh akan setiap pengguna yang ada dan sumberdaya yang digunakannya dalam selubung (jeda panggilan) seminimal mungkin.

Pengarah lalulintas yang pintar (intelligent routing)

Dengan menggunakan seluruh sumberdaya yang ada, Skype mampu mengarahkan dengan pintar panggilan panggilan yang terkode melalui seluruh jalur efektif yang mungkin dilalui. Skype bahkan memastikan berbagai jalur-jalur penghubung tetap terbuka dan secara dinamis berpindah memilih jalur yang terbaik pada saat itu. Hal ini membuat Skype langsung menjadi perhatian orang karena dampaknya dalam mengurangi jeda sambungan dan peningkatan kualitas panggilan dalam jaringan.

Keamanan

Setiap panggilan dan pesan instan dikodekan oleh Skype pada ujung satu dan lainnya untuk melindungi privasi pengguna. Pengkodean ini perlu karena seluruh panggilan/ pertukaran informasi disalurkan menggunakan fasilitas Internet untuk publik.

Mudah digunakan

Dengan perangkat yang mudah digunakan dan bukan mempersulit pengguna, skype dibuat sesederhana mungkin – semua orang yang dapat menggunakan aplikasi Windows dan telepon karena perangkat lunak ini dapat bekerja dengan baik dengan sistem operasi komputer saku (pocket PC), Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Pocket PC, Mac OS X and Linux .

Kekurangan

1. Penipuan. Layaknya seluruh hubungan yang dilakukan melalui internet, skype juga memiliki masalah yang sama dengan registrasi identitas penggunanya. Registrasi dapat dilakukan tanpa menyerahkan identitas diri yang sah sehingga sebagai pengguna kita dapat memilih untuk tidak meggunakan nama asli dan di pihak yang sama kita berisiko untuk berkenalan dengan orang tanpa tahu identitasnya. Hal ini rentan terhadap penipuan dan kejahatan-kejahatan lainnya.
2. Kapasitas yang besar. Skype memakan 23MB kapasitas harddisk ketika dipasang, dibandingkan dengan pengirim pesan instan lainnya seperti Yahoo Messenger yang memakan kapasitas lebih kecil sekitar 10-15 MB.
3. Terhalang oleh waktu dan kesediaan orang yang memanggil dan yang dipanggil. Penggunaan skype dengan metode suara harus dilakukan dengan rencana sebelumnya seperti membuat janji dengan orang yang dituju, karena apabila orang yang dituju tidak siap (terhalang oleh perbedaan waktu atau kesulitan sambungan Internet) maka niat untuk melakukan komunikasi langsung melalui suara bisa jadi sia-sia.
4. Tidak ada panggilan darurat dengan Skype. Skype tidak dapat digunakan untuk panggilan darurat.
   
   
   Sumber: wikipedia bahasa indonesia

KELEBIHAN JAKET KULIT

Jaket kulit memiliki sifat dan daya tahan yang kuat, tidak mudah ditembus oleh angin dan memiliki daya serap keringat yang baik. Apabila dibandingkan dengan jaket yang imitasi.

Bagaimanapun modelnya, jaket kulit tidak akan ketinggalan jaman. Jaket kulit akan cocok dikenakan dalam berbagai cuaca dan suasana, baik dalam cuaca panas ataupun dingin, siang ataupun malam, dan santai ataupun resmi.

Semoga bermanfaat...

Take the Money and Run

The career criminals in genre novels don’t have money problems. If they need some, they just go out and steal it. But such financial transactions can backfire, which is what happened back in 2004 when the Texas gang in Michael

Review: ‘Frontline’ Looks at Missteps During the Ebola Outbreak

y NEIL GENZLINGER

Frontline

Frontline An installment of this PBS program looks at the effects of Ebola on Liberia and other countries, as well as the origins of the outbreak.

The program traces the outbreak to its origin, thought to be a tree full of bats in Guinea.

Verne Gagne, Wrestler Who Grappled Through Two Eras, Dies at 89

Gagne wrestled professionally from the late 1940s until the 1980s and was a transitional figure between the early 20th century barnstormers and the steroidal sideshows of today

Maya Plisetskaya, Ballerina Who Embodied Bolshoi, Dies at 89

Ms. Plisetskaya, renowned for her fluidity of movement, expressive acting and willful personality, danced on the Bolshoi stage well into her 60s, but her life was shadowed by Stalinism.

Bruce Alger, 96, Dies; Led ‘Mink Coat’ Protest Against Lyndon Johnson

Mr. Alger, who served five terms from Texas, led Republican women in a confrontation with Lyndon B. Johnson that may have cost Richard M. Nixon the 1960 presidential election.

Hard but Hopeful Home to ‘Lot of Freddies’

Todd Heisler/The New York Times

Children playing last week in Sandtown-Winchester, the Baltimore neighborhood where Freddie Gray was raised. One young resident called it “a tough community.”

Hard but Hopeful Home to ‘Lot of Freddies’

The neighborhood where Freddie Gray came of age has survived harrowing rates of unemployment, poor health, violent crime and incarceration.

Finding Scandal in New York and New Jersey, but No Shame

From sea to shining sea, or at least from one side of the Hudson to the other, politicians you have barely heard of are being accused of wrongdoing. There were so many court proceedings involving public officials on Monday that it was hard to keep up.

In Newark, two underlings of Gov. Chris Christie were arraigned on charges that they were in on the truly deranged plot to block traffic leading onto the George Washington Bridge.

Ten miles away, in Lower Manhattan, Dean G. Skelos, the leader of the New York State Senate, and his son, Adam B. Skelos, were arrested by the Federal Bureau of Investigation on accusations of far more conventional political larceny, involving a job with a sewer company for the son and commissions on title insurance and bond work.

The younger man managed to receive a 150 percent pay increase from the sewer company even though, as he said on tape, he “literally knew nothing about water or, you know, any of that stuff,” according to a criminal complaint the United States attorney’s office filed.

The success of Adam Skelos, 32, was attributed by prosecutors to his father’s influence as the leader of the Senate and as a potentate among state Republicans. The indictment can also be read as one of those unfailingly sad tales of a father who cannot stop indulging a grown son. The senator himself is not alleged to have profited from the schemes, except by being relieved of the burden of underwriting Adam.

The bridge traffic caper is its own species of crazy; what distinguishes the charges against the two Skeloses is the apparent absence of a survival instinct. It is one thing not to know anything about water or that stuff. More remarkable, if true, is the fact that the sewer machinations continued even after the former New York Assembly speaker, Sheldon Silver, was charged in January with taking bribes disguised as fees.

It was by then common gossip in political and news media circles that Senator Skelos, a Republican, the counterpart in the Senate to Mr. Silver, a Democrat, in the Assembly, could be next in line for the criminal dock. “Stay tuned,” the United States attorney, Preet Bharara said, leaving not much to the imagination.

Even though the cat had been unmistakably belled, Skelos father and son continued to talk about how to advance the interests of the sewer company, though the son did begin to use a burner cellphone, the kind people pay for in cash, with no traceable contracts.

That was indeed prudent, as prosecutors had been wiretapping the cellphones of both men. But it would seem that the burner was of limited value, because by then the prosecutors had managed to secure the help of a business executive who agreed to record calls with the Skeloses. It would further seem that the business executive was more attentive to the perils of pending investigations than the politician.

Through the end of the New York State budget negotiations in March, the hopes of the younger Skelos rested on his father’s ability to devise legislation that would benefit the sewer company. That did not pan out. But Senator Skelos did boast that he had haggled with Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo, a Democrat, in a successful effort to raise a $150 million allocation for Long Island to $550 million, for what the budget called “transformative economic development projects.” It included money for the kind of work done by the sewer company.

The lawyer for Adam Skelos said he was not guilty and would win in court. Senator Skelos issued a ringing declaration that he was unequivocally innocent.

THIS was also the approach taken in New Jersey by Bill Baroni, a man of great presence and eloquence who stopped outside the federal courthouse to note that he had taken risks as a Republican by bucking his party to support paid family leave, medical marijuana and marriage equality. “I would never risk my career, my job, my reputation for something like this,” Mr. Baroni said. “I am an innocent man.”

The lawyer for his co-defendant, Bridget Anne Kelly, the former deputy chief of staff to Mr. Christie, a Republican, said that she would strongly rebut the charges.

Perhaps they had nothing to do with the lane closings. But neither Mr. Baroni nor Ms. Kelly addressed the question of why they did not return repeated calls from the mayor of Fort Lee, N.J., begging them to stop the traffic tie-ups, over three days.

That silence was a low moment. But perhaps New York hit bottom faster. Senator Skelos, the prosecutors charged, arranged to meet Long Island politicians at the wake of Wenjian Liu, a New York City police officer shot dead in December, to press for payments to the company employing his son.

Sometimes it seems as though for some people, the only thing to be ashamed of is shame itself.

Marcel Pronovost, 84, Dies; Hall of Famer Shared in Five N.H.L. Titles

Pronovost, who played for the Red Wings, was not a prolific scorer, but he was a consummate team player with bruising checks and fearless bursts up the ice that could puncture a defense.

Joseph Lechleider, a Father of the DSL Internet Technology, Dies at 82

Mr. Lechleider helped invent DSL technology, which enabled phone companies to offer high-speed web access over their infrastructure of copper wires.

Jean Nidetch, 91, Dies; Pounds Came Off, and Weight Watchers Was Born

A 214-pound Queens housewife struggled with a lifelong addiction to food until she shed 72 pounds and became the public face of the worldwide weight-control empire Weight Watchers.

Rhapsody, a Lofty Literary Journal, Perused at 39,000 Feet

Photo

 

Last summer at a writers’ workshop in Oregon, the novelists Anthony Doerr, Karen Russell and Elissa Schappell were chatting over cocktails when they realized they had all published work in the same magazine. It wasn’t one of the usual literary outlets, like Tin House, The Paris Review or The New Yorker. It was Rhapsody, an in-flight magazine for United Airlines.

It seemed like a weird coincidence. Then again, considering Rhapsody’s growing roster of A-list fiction writers, maybe not. Since its first issue hit plane cabins a year and a half ago, Rhapsody has published original works by literary stars like Joyce Carol Oates, Rick Moody, Amy Bloom, Emma Straub and Mr. Doerr, who won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction two weeks ago.

As airlines try to distinguish their high-end service with luxuries like private sleeping chambers, showers, butler service and meals from five-star chefs, United Airlines is offering a loftier, more cerebral amenity to its first-class and business-class passengers: elegant prose by prominent novelists. There are no airport maps or disheartening lists of in-flight meal and entertainment options in Rhapsody. Instead, the magazine has published ruminative first-person travel accounts, cultural dispatches and probing essays about flight by more than 30 literary fiction writers.

Photo

 

An airline might seem like an odd literary patron. But as publishers and writers look for new ways to reach readers in a shaky retail climate, many have formed corporate alliances with transit companies, including American Airlines, JetBlue and Amtrak, that provide a captive audience.

Mark Krolick, United Airlines’ managing director of marketing and product development, said the quality of the writing in Rhapsody brings a patina of sophistication to its first-class service, along with other opulent touches like mood lighting, soft music and a branded scent.

“The high-end leisure or business-class traveler has higher expectations, even in the entertainment we provide,” he said.

Some of Rhapsody’s contributing writers say they were lured by the promise of free airfare and luxury accommodations provided by United, as well as exposure to an elite audience of some two million first-class and business-class travelers.

“It’s not your normal Park Slope Community Bookstore types who read Rhapsody,” Mr. Moody, author of the 1994 novel “The Ice Storm,” who wrote an introspective, philosophical piece about traveling to the Aran Islands of Ireland for Rhapsody, said in an email. “I’m not sure I myself am in that Rhapsody demographic, but I would like them to buy my books one day.”

In addition to offering travel perks, the magazine pays well and gives writers freedom, within reason, to choose their subject matter and write with style. Certain genres of flight stories are off limits, naturally: no plane crashes or woeful tales of lost luggage or rude flight attendants, and nothing too risqué.

“We’re not going to have someone write about joining the mile-high club,” said Jordan Heller, the editor in chief of Rhapsody. “Despite those restrictions, we’ve managed to come up with a lot of high-minded literary content.”

Guiding writers toward the right idea occasionally requires some gentle prodding. When Rhapsody’s executive editor asked Ms. Russell to contribute an essay about a memorable flight experience, she first pitched a story about the time she was chaperoning a group of teenagers on a trip to Europe, and their delayed plane sat at the airport in New York for several hours while other passengers got progressively drunker.

“He pointed out that disaster flights are not what people want to read about when they’re in transit, and very diplomatically suggested that maybe people want to read something that casts air travel in a more positive light,” said Ms. Russell, whose novel “Swamplandia!” was a finalist for the 2012 Pulitzer Prize.

She turned in a nostalgia-tinged essay about her first flight on a trip to Disney World when she was 6. “The Magic Kingdom was an anticlimax,” she wrote. “What ride could compare to that first flight?”

Ms. Oates also wrote about her first flight, in a tiny yellow propeller plane piloted by her father. The novelist Joyce Maynard told of the constant disappointment of never seeing her books in airport bookstores and the thrill of finally spotting a fellow plane passenger reading her novel “Labor Day.” Emily St. John Mandel, who was a finalist for the National Book Award in fiction last year, wrote about agonizing over which books to bring on a long flight.

“There’s nobody that’s looked down their noses at us as an in-flight magazine,” said Sean Manning, the magazine’s executive editor. “As big as these people are in the literary world, there’s still this untapped audience for them of luxury travelers.”

United is one of a handful of companies showcasing work by literary writers as a way to elevate their brands and engage customers. Chipotle has printed original work from writers like Toni Morrison, Jeffrey Eugenides and Barbara Kingsolver on its disposable cups and paper bags. The eyeglass company Warby Parker hosts parties for authors and sells books from 14 independent publishers in its stores.

JetBlue offers around 40 e-books from HarperCollins and Penguin Random House on its free wireless network, allowing passengers to read free samples and buy and download books. JetBlue will start offering 11 digital titles from Simon & Schuster soon. Amtrak recently forged an alliance with Penguin Random House to provide free digital samples from 28 popular titles, which passengers can buy and download over Amtrak’s admittedly spotty wireless service.

Amtrak is becoming an incubator for literary talent in its own right. Last year, it started a residency program, offering writers a free long-distance train trip and complimentary food. More than 16,000 writers applied and 24 made the cut.

Like Amtrak, Rhapsody has found that writers are eager to get onboard. On a rainy spring afternoon, Rhapsody’s editorial staff sat around a conference table discussing the June issue, which will feature an essay by the novelist Hannah Pittard and an unpublished short story by the late Elmore Leonard.

“Do you have that photo of Elmore Leonard? Can I see it?” Mr. Heller, the editor in chief, asked Rhapsody’s design director, Christos Hannides. Mr. Hannides slid it across the table and noted that they also had a photograph of cowboy spurs. “It’s very simple; it won’t take away from the literature,” he said.

Rhapsody’s office, an open space with exposed pipes and a vaulted brick ceiling, sits in Dumbo at the epicenter of literary Brooklyn, in the same converted tea warehouse as the literary journal N+1 and the digital publisher Atavist. Two of the magazine’s seven staff members hold graduate degrees in creative writing. Mr. Manning, the executive editor, has published a memoir and edited five literary anthologies.

Mr. Manning said Rhapsody was conceived from the start as a place for literary novelists to write with voice and style, and nobody had been put off that their work would live in plane cabins and airport lounges.

Still, some contributors say they wish the magazine were more widely circulated.

“I would love it if I could read it,” said Ms. Schappell, a Brooklyn-based novelist who wrote a feature story for Rhapsody’s inaugural issue. “But I never fly first class.”

Ex-C.I.A. Official Rebuts Republican Claims on Benghazi Attack in ‘The Great War of Our Time’

WASHINGTON — The former deputy director of the C.I.A. asserts in a forthcoming book that Republicans, in their eagerness to politicize the killing of the American ambassador to Libya, repeatedly distorted the agency’s analysis of events. But he also argues that the C.I.A. should get out of the business of providing “talking points” for administration officials in national security events that quickly become partisan, as happened after the Benghazi attack in 2012.

The official, Michael J. Morell, dismisses the allegation that the United States military and C.I.A. officers “were ordered to stand down and not come to the rescue of their comrades,” and he says there is “no evidence” to support the charge that “there was a conspiracy between C.I.A. and the White House to spin the Benghazi story in a way that would protect the political interests of the president and Secretary Clinton,” referring to the secretary of state at the time, Hillary Rodham Clinton.

But he also concludes that the White House itself embellished some of the talking points provided by the Central Intelligence Agency and had blocked him from sending an internal study of agency conclusions to Congress.

Photo

 

“I finally did so without asking,” just before leaving government, he writes, and after the White House released internal emails to a committee investigating the State Department’s handling of the issue.

A lengthy congressional investigation remains underway, one that many Republicans hope to use against Mrs. Clinton in the 2016 election cycle.

In parts of the book, “The Great War of Our Time” (Twelve), Mr. Morell praises his C.I.A. colleagues for many successes in stopping terrorist attacks, but he is surprisingly critical of other C.I.A. failings — and those of the National Security Agency.

Soon after Mr. Morell retired in 2013 after 33 years in the agency, President Obama appointed him to a commission reviewing the actions of the National Security Agency after the disclosures of Edward J. Snowden, a former intelligence contractor who released classified documents about the government’s eavesdropping abilities. Mr. Morell writes that he was surprised by what he found.

“You would have thought that of all the government entities on the planet, the one least vulnerable to such grand theft would have been the N.S.A.,” he writes. “But it turned out that the N.S.A. had left itself vulnerable.”

He concludes that most Wall Street firms had better cybersecurity than the N.S.A. had when Mr. Snowden swept information from its systems in 2013. While he said he found himself “chagrined by how well the N.S.A. was doing” compared with the C.I.A. in stepping up its collection of data on intelligence targets, he also sensed that the N.S.A., which specializes in electronic spying, was operating without considering the implications of its methods.

“The N.S.A. had largely been collecting information because it could, not necessarily in all cases because it should,” he says.

The book is to be released next week.

Mr. Morell was a career analyst who rose through the ranks of the agency, and he ended up in the No. 2 post. He served as President George W. Bush’s personal intelligence briefer in the first months of his presidency — in those days, he could often be spotted at the Starbucks in Waco, Tex., catching up on his reading — and was with him in the schoolhouse in Florida on the morning of Sept. 11, 2001, when the Bush presidency changed in an instant.

Mr. Morell twice took over as acting C.I.A. director, first when Leon E. Panetta was appointed secretary of defense and then when retired Gen. David H. Petraeus resigned over an extramarital affair with his biographer, a relationship that included his handing her classified notes of his time as America’s best-known military commander.

Mr. Morell says he first learned of the affair from Mr. Petraeus only the night before he resigned, and just as the Benghazi events were turning into a political firestorm. While praising Mr. Petraeus, who had told his deputy “I am very lucky” to run the C.I.A., Mr. Morell writes that “the organization did not feel the same way about him.” The former general “created the impression through the tone of his voice and his body language that he did not want people to disagree with him (which was not true in my own interaction with him),” he says.

But it is his account of the Benghazi attacks — and how the C.I.A. was drawn into the debate over whether the Obama White House deliberately distorted its account of the death of Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens — that is bound to attract attention, at least partly because of its relevance to the coming presidential election. The initial assessments that the C.I.A. gave to the White House said demonstrations had preceded the attack. By the time analysts reversed their opinion, Susan E. Rice, now the national security adviser, had made a series of statements on Sunday talk shows describing the initial assessment. The controversy and other comments Ms. Rice made derailed Mr. Obama’s plan to appoint her as secretary of state.

The experience prompted Mr. Morell to write that the C.I.A. should stay out of the business of preparing talking points — especially on issues that are being seized upon for “political purposes.” He is critical of the State Department for not beefing up security in Libya for its diplomats, as the C.I.A., he said, did for its employees.

But he concludes that the assault in which the ambassador was killed took place “with little or no advance planning” and “was not well organized.” He says the attackers “did not appear to be looking for Americans to harm. They appeared intent on looting and conducting some vandalism,” setting fires that killed Mr. Stevens and a security official, Sean Smith.

Mr. Morell paints a picture of an agency that was struggling, largely unsuccessfully, to understand dynamics in the Middle East and North Africa when the Arab Spring broke out in late 2011 in Tunisia. The agency’s analysts failed to see the forces of revolution coming — and then failed again, he writes, when they told Mr. Obama that the uprisings would undercut Al Qaeda by showing there was a democratic pathway to change.

“There is no good explanation for our not being able to see the pressures growing to dangerous levels across the region,” he writes. The agency had again relied too heavily “on a handful of strong leaders in the countries of concern to help us understand what was going on in the Arab street,” he says, and those leaders themselves were clueless.

Moreover, an agency that has always overvalued secretly gathered intelligence and undervalued “open source” material “was not doing enough to mine the wealth of information available through social media,” he writes. “We thought and told policy makers that this outburst of popular revolt would damage Al Qaeda by undermining the group’s narrative,” he writes.

Instead, weak governments in Egypt, and the absence of governance from Libya to Yemen, were “a boon to Islamic extremists across both the Middle East and North Africa.”

Mr. Morell is gentle about most of the politicians he dealt with — he expresses admiration for both Mr. Bush and Mr. Obama, though he accuses former Vice President Dick Cheney of deliberately implying a connection between Al Qaeda and Iraq that the C.I.A. had concluded probably did not exist. But when it comes to the events leading up to the Bush administration’s decision to go to war in Iraq, he is critical of his own agency.

Mr. Morell concludes that the Bush White House did not have to twist intelligence on Saddam Hussein’s alleged effort to rekindle the country’s work on weapons of mass destruction.

“The view that hard-liners in the Bush administration forced the intelligence community into its position on W.M.D. is just flat wrong,” he writes. “No one pushed. The analysts were already there and they had been there for years, long before Bush came to office.”

Edward Chambers, Early Leader in Community Organizing, Dies at 85

A lapsed seminarian, Mr. Chambers succeeded Saul Alinsky as leader of the social justice umbrella group Industrial Areas Foundation.

Meet Mago, Former Heavyweight

GREENWICH, Conn. — Mago is in the bedroom. You can go in.

The big man lies on a hospital bed with his bare feet scraping its bottom rail. His head is propped on a scarlet pillow, the left temple dented, the right side paralyzed. His dark hair is kept just long enough to conceal the scars.

The occasional sounds he makes are understood only by his wife, but he still has that punctuating left hand. In slow motion, the fingers curl and close. A thumbs-up greeting.

Hello, Mago.

This is Magomed Abdusalamov, 34, also known as the Russian Tyson, also known as Mago. He is a former heavyweight boxer who scored four knockouts and 14 technical knockouts in his first 18 professional fights. He preferred to stand between rounds. Sitting conveyed weakness.

But Mago lost his 19th fight, his big chance, at the packed Theater at Madison Square Garden in November 2013. His 19th decision, and his last.

Now here he is, in a small bedroom in a working-class neighborhood in Greenwich, in a modest house his family rents cheap from a devoted friend. The air-pressure machine for his mattress hums like an expectant crowd.

Photo

 

Today is like any other day, except for those days when he is hurried in crisis to the hospital. Every three hours during the night, his slight wife, Bakanay, 28, has risen to turn his 6-foot-3 body — 210 pounds of dead weight. It has to be done. Infections of the gaping bedsore above his tailbone have nearly killed him.

Then, with the help of a young caretaker, Baka has gotten two of their daughters off to elementary school and settled down the toddler. Yes, Mago and Baka are blessed with all girls, but they had also hoped for a son someday.

They feed Mago as they clean him; it’s easier that way. For breakfast, which comes with a side of crushed antiseizure pills, he likes oatmeal with a squirt of Hershey’s chocolate syrup. But even oatmeal must be puréed and fed to him by spoon.

He opens his mouth to indicate more, the way a baby does. But his paralysis has made everything a choking hazard. His water needs a stirring of powdered food thickener, and still he chokes — eh-eh-eh — as he tries to cough up what will not go down.

Mago used to drink only water. No alcohol. Not even soda. A sip of juice would be as far as he dared. Now even water betrays him.

With the caretaker’s help, Baka uses a washcloth and soap to clean his body and shampoo his hair. How handsome still, she has thought. Sometimes, in the night, she leaves the bedroom to watch old videos, just to hear again his voice in the fullness of life. She cries, wipes her eyes and returns, feigning happiness. Mago must never see her sad.

Photo

 

When Baka finishes, Mago is cleanshaven and fresh down to his trimmed and filed toenails. “I want him to look good,” she says.

Theirs was an arranged Muslim marriage in Makhachkala, in the Russian republic of Dagestan. He was 23, she was 18 and their future hinged on boxing. Sometimes they would shadowbox in love, her David to his Goliath. You are so strong, he would tell her.

His father once told him he could either be a bandit or an athlete, but if he chose banditry, “I will kill you.” This paternal advice, Mago later told The Ventura County Reporter, “made it a very easy decision for me.”

Mago won against mediocre competition, in Moscow and Hollywood, Fla., in Las Vegas and Johnstown, Pa. He was knocked down only once, and even then, it surprised more than hurt. He scored a technical knockout in the next round.

It all led up to this: the undercard at the Garden, Mike Perez vs. Magomed Abdusalamov, 10 rounds, on HBO. A win, he believed, would improve his chances of taking on the heavyweight champion Wladimir Klitschko, who sat in the crowd of 4,600 with his fiancée, the actress Hayden Panettiere, watching.

Wearing black-and-red trunks and a green mouth guard, Mago went to work. But in the first round, a hard forearm to his left cheek rocked him. At the bell, he returned to his corner, and this time, he sat down. “I think it’s broken,” he repeatedly said in Russian.

Photo

 

Maybe at that point, somebody — the referee, the ringside doctors, his handlers — should have stopped the fight, under a guiding principle: better one punch too early than one punch too late. But the bloody trade of blows continued into the seventh, eighth, ninth, a hand and orbital bone broken, his face transforming.

Meanwhile, in the family’s apartment in Miami, Baka forced herself to watch the broadcast. She could see it in his swollen eyes. Something was off.

After the final round, Perez raised his tattooed arms in victory, and Mago wandered off in a fog. He had taken 312 punches in about 40 minutes, for a purse of $40,000.

In the locker room, doctors sutured a cut above Mago’s left eye and tested his cognitive abilities. He did not do well. The ambulance that waits in expectation at every fight was not summoned by boxing officials.

Blood was pooling in Mago’s cranial cavity as he left the Garden. He vomited on the pavement while his handlers flagged a taxi to St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital. There, doctors induced a coma and removed part of his skull to drain fluids and ease the swelling.

Then came the stroke.

Photo

 

It is lunchtime now, and the aroma of puréed beef and potatoes lingers. So do the questions.

How will Mago and Baka pay the $2 million in medical bills they owe? What if their friend can no longer offer them this home? Will they win their lawsuits against the five ringside doctors, the referee, and a New York State boxing inspector? What about Mago’s future care?

Most of all: Is this it?

A napkin rests on Mago’s chest. As another spoonful of mush approaches, he opens his mouth, half-swallows, chokes, and coughs until it clears. Eh-eh-eh. Sometimes he turns bluish, but Baka never shows fear. Always happy for Mago.

Some days he is wheeled out for physical therapy or speech therapy. Today, two massage therapists come to knead his half-limp body like a pair of skilled corner men.

Soon, Mago will doze. Then his three daughters, ages 2, 6 and 9, will descend upon him to talk of their day. Not long ago, the oldest lugged his championship belt to school for a proud show-and-tell moment. Her classmates were amazed at the weight of it.

Then, tonight, there will be more puréed food and pulverized medication, more coughing, and more tender care from his wife, before sleep comes.

Goodbye, Mago.

He half-smiles, raises his one good hand, and forms a fist.

G.O.P. Hopefuls Now Aiming to Woo the Middle Class

WASHINGTON — The last three men to win the Republican nomination have been the prosperous son of a president (George W. Bush), a senator who could not recall how many homes his family owned (John McCain of Arizona; it was seven) and a private equity executive worth an estimated $200 million (Mitt Romney).

The candidates hoping to be the party’s nominee in 2016 are trying to create a very different set of associations. On Sunday, Ben Carson, a retired neurosurgeon, joined the presidential field.

Senator Marco Rubio of Florida praises his parents, a bartender and a Kmart stock clerk, as he urges audiences not to forget “the workers in our hotel kitchens, the landscaping crews in our neighborhoods, the late-night janitorial staff that clean our offices.”

Gov. Scott Walker of Wisconsin, a preacher’s son, posts on Twitter about his ham-and-cheese sandwiches and boasts of his coupon-clipping frugality. His $1 Kohl’s sweater has become a campaign celebrity in its own right.

Senator Rand Paul of Kentucky laments the existence of “two Americas,” borrowing the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s phrase to describe economically and racially troubled communities like Ferguson, Mo., and Detroit.

Photo

 

“Some say, ‘But Democrats care more about the poor,’ ” Mr. Paul likes to say. “If that’s true, why is black unemployment still twice white unemployment? Why has household income declined by $3,500 over the past six years?”

We are in the midst of the Empathy Primary — the rhetorical battleground shaping the Republican presidential field of 2016.

Harmed by the perception that they favor the wealthy at the expense of middle-of-the-road Americans, the party’s contenders are each trying their hardest to get across what the elder George Bush once inelegantly told recession-battered voters in 1992: “Message: I care.”

Their ability to do so — less bluntly, more sincerely — could prove decisive in an election year when power, privilege and family connections will loom large for both parties.

Questions of understanding and compassion cost Republicans in the last election. Mr. Romney, who memorably dismissed the “47 percent” of Americans as freeloaders, lost to President Obama by 63 percentage points among voters who cast their ballots for the candidate who “cares about people like me,” according to exit polls.

And a Pew poll from February showed that people still believe Republicans are indifferent to working Americans: 54 percent said the Republican Party does not care about the middle class.

That taint of callousness explains why Senator Ted Cruz of Texas declared last week that Republicans “are and should be the party of the 47 percent” — and why another son of a president, Jeb Bush, has made economic opportunity the centerpiece of his message.

With his pedigree and considerable wealth — since he left the Florida governor’s office almost a decade ago he has earned millions of dollars sitting on corporate boards and advising banks — Mr. Bush probably has the most complicated task making the argument to voters that he understands their concerns.

On a visit last week to Puerto Rico, Mr. Bush sounded every bit the populist, railing against “elites” who have stifled economic growth and innovation. In the kind of economy he envisions leading, he said: “We wouldn’t have the middle being squeezed. People in poverty would have a chance to rise up. And the social strains that exist — because the haves and have-nots is the big debate in our country today — would subside.”

Continue reading the main story

 

Who Is Running for President (and Who’s Not)?

Republicans’ emphasis on poorer and working-class Americans now represents a shift from the party’s longstanding focus on business owners and “job creators” as the drivers of economic opportunity.

This is intentional, Republican operatives said.

In the last presidential election, Republicans rushed to defend business owners against what they saw as hostility by Democrats to successful, wealthy entrepreneurs.

“Part of what you had was a reaction to the Democrats’ dehumanization of business owners: ‘Oh, you think you started your plumbing company? No you didn’t,’ ” said Grover Norquist, the conservative activist and president of Americans for Tax Reform.

But now, Mr. Norquist said, Republicans should move past that. “Focus on the people in the room who know someone who couldn’t get a job, or a promotion, or a raise because taxes are too high or regulations eat up companies’ time,” he said. “The rich guy can take care of himself.”

Democrats argue that the public will ultimately see through such an approach because Republican positions like opposing a minimum-wage increase and giving private banks a larger role in student loans would hurt working Americans.

“If Republican candidates are just repeating the same tired policies, I’m not sure that smiling while saying it is going to be enough,” said Guy Cecil, a Democratic strategist who is joining a “super PAC” working on behalf of Hillary Rodham Clinton.

Republicans have already attacked Mrs. Clinton over the wealth and power she and her husband have accumulated, caricaturing her as an out-of-touch multimillionaire who earns hundreds of thousands of dollars per speech and has not driven a car since 1996.

Mr. Walker hit this theme recently on Fox News, pointing to Mrs. Clinton’s lucrative book deals and her multiple residences. “This is not someone who is connected with everyday Americans,” he said. His own net worth, according to The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, is less than a half-million dollars; Mr. Walker also owes tens of thousands of dollars on his credit cards.

But showing off a cheap sweater or boasting of a bootstraps family background not only helps draw a contrast with Mrs. Clinton’s latter-day affluence, it is also an implicit argument against Mr. Bush.

Mr. Walker, who featured a 1998 Saturn with more than 100,000 miles on the odometer in a 2010 campaign ad during his first run for governor, likes to talk about flipping burgers at McDonald’s as a young person. His mother, he has said, grew up on a farm with no indoor plumbing until she was in high school.

Mr. Rubio, among the least wealthy members of the Senate, with an estimated net worth of around a half-million dollars, uses his working-class upbringing as evidence of the “exceptionalism” of America, “where even the son of a bartender and a maid can have the same dreams and the same future as those who come from power and privilege.”

Mr. Cruz alludes to his family’s dysfunction — his parents, he says, were heavy drinkers — and recounts his father’s tale of fleeing Cuba with $100 sewn into his underwear.

Gov. Chris Christie of New Jersey notes that his father paid his way through college working nights at an ice cream plant.

But sometimes the attempts at projecting authenticity can seem forced. Mr. Christie recently found himself on the defensive after telling a New Hampshire audience, “I don’t consider myself a wealthy man.” Tax returns showed that he and his wife, a longtime Wall Street executive, earned nearly $700,000 in 2013.

The story of success against the odds is a political classic, even if it is one the Republican Party has not been able to tell for a long time. Ronald Reagan liked to say that while he had not been born on the wrong side of the tracks, he could always hear the whistle. Richard Nixon was fond of reminding voters how he was born in a house his father had built.

“Probably the idea that is most attractive to an average voter, and an idea that both Republicans and Democrats try to craft into their messages, is this idea that you can rise from nothing,” said Charles C. W. Cooke, a writer for National Review.

There is a certain delight Republicans take in turning that message to their advantage now.

“That’s what Obama did with Hillary,” Mr. Cooke said. “He acknowledged it openly: ‘This is ridiculous. Look at me, this one-term senator with dark skin and all of America’s unsolved racial problems, running against the wife of the last Democratic president.”