PAKET UMROH BULAN FEBRUARI MARET APRIL MEI 2018

KEDATANGAN BANGSA BARAT KE MINANGKABAU

Hubungan Minangkabau dengan bangsa Barat yang pertama kali dilakukan dengan bangsa Portugis. Menurut berita Portugis, permulaan abad ke 16 ada utusan kerajaan Melayu yang datang ke Malaka. Kedatangan utusan tersebut adalah untuk membicarakan masalah perdagangan dengan bangsa Portugis yang waktu itu menguasai Malaka. Tetapi dengan berhasilnya Aceh menguasai pesisir barat pulau Sumatera, maka hubungan dagang dengan Portugis itu terputus. Dengan bangsa Belanda hubungan Minangkabau terjadi pertama kali kira-kira tahun 1600, diwaktu Pieter Both memerintahkan Laksamana Muda Van Gaedenn membeli lada ke pantai barat pulau Sumatera. Waktu itu beberapa pelabuhan yang ada disana menolak permintaan Belanda dibawah kekuasaan Kerajaan Aceh. Pada waktu Sultan Iskandar Muda dari kerajaan Aceh meninggal dunia, maka kekuasaan kerajaan Aceh menjadi lemah, sehingga mulai tahun 1636 sewaktu Iskandar Muda meninggal dunia, daerah-daerah Pesisir Barat kerajaan Pagaruyung mulai membebaskan diri dari kekuasaan Aceh dan melakukan hubungan dagang langsung dengan Belanda, seperti yang dilakukan oleh raja-raja Batang Kapas, Salido, Bayang di Pesisir Selatan. Pada tahun 1641 Belanda merebut Malaka dari Portugis dan semenjak itu Belanda mulai memperbesar pengaruhnya di pesisir barat Sumatera untuk menggantikan kerajaan Aceh. Mula-mula Belanda mendirikan kantor dagangnya di Inderapura terus ke Salido. Kemudian di Pulau Cingkuak juga didirikan lojinya pada tahun 1664 untuk mengatasi perlawanan rakyat pesisir yang dikoordinir oleh Aceh. Untuk melepaskan pesisir barat pulau Sumatera dari pengaruh Aceh, maka Belanda melakukan perjanjian dengan raja Pagaruyung yang merupakan pemilik sesungguhnya dari daerah tersebut. Oleh raja Pagaruyung Belanda diberikan kebebasan untuk mengatur perdagangannya pada daerah tersebut. Perjanjian itu dilakukan pihak Belanda dengan Sultan Ahmad Syah pada tahun 1668. Mulai saat itu Belanda, melangkah selangkah demi selangkah menanamkan pengaruhnya di Sumatera Barat dengan jalan politik pecah belahnya yang terkenal itu. Disatu pihak mereka menimbulkan perlawanan rakyatnya terhadap raja atau pemimpinnya sesudah itu mereka datang sebagai juru selamat dengan mendapat imbalan yang sangat merugikan pihak Minangkabau, sehingga akhirnya seluruh Minangkabau dapat dikuasai Belanda. Semenjak abad ke 17 terjadi persaingan dagang yang sangat memuncak antara bangsa Belanda dengan bangsa Inggris di Indonesia. Pada tahun 1684 Belanda dapat mengusir Inggris berdagang di Banten. Sebaliknya Inggris masih dapat bertahan di daerah Maluku dan menguasai perdagangan di daerah pesisir Sumatera Bagian Barat. Pada tahun 1786 berhasil menguasai pulau Penang di Selat Malaka sehingga mereka dapat mengontrol jalan dagang diseluruh pulau Sumatera. Sumatera mulai dibanjri oleh barang-barang dagang Inggris. Tentu saja hal ini sangat merugikan pihak Belanda. Tahun 1780-1784 pecah perang antara Inggris dan Belanda di Eropa. Peperangan ini merambat pula sampai ke daerah-daerah koloni yang mereka kuasai di seberang lautan. Pada tahun 1781 Inggris menyerang kedudukan Belanda di Padang dari pusat kedudukannya di Bengkulu, dan Padang serta benteng Belanda di Pulau Cingkuak di hancurkan. Dengan demikian pusat perdagangan berpindah ke Bengkulu. Setelah terjadi perjanjian antara kerajaan Belanda dengan kerajaan Inggris maka Inggris terpaksa mengembalikan seluruh daerah yang sudah direbutnya. Bangsa Prancis yang pernah datang ke Sumatera Barat, yaitu ketika bajak laut yang dipimpin oleh Kapten Le Me dengan anak buahnya mendarat di Pantai Air Manis Padang. Hal ini terjadi pada tahun 1793. mereka dapat merebut Kota Padang dan mendudukinya selama lima hari. Setelah mereka merampok kota, mereka pergi lagi. Pada tahun 1795 Inggris merebut Padang lagi, karena terlibat perang lagi dengan Belanda.> KEDATANGAN BANGSA BARAT KE MINANGKABAU

Bantah diberi Machfud Suroso tanah, Anas ngaku mau Jumat berkah

Mantan Ketua Umum Partai Demokrat, Anas Urbaningrum, hari ini telah kembali diperiksa sebagai tersangka dalam kasus dugaan gratifikasi proyek Hambalang dan proyek-proyek lainnya. Ketua Umum Perhimpunan Pergerakan Indonesia (PPI) itu selalu berkelit ketika ditanya soal penyitaan beberapa harta yang diduga terkait dengan tindak pidana pencucian uang disangkakan kepadanya.

Anas hadir untuk menjalani pemeriksaan pukul 10.00 WIB. Dia nampak membawa sebuah tas selempang dan ditemani oleh salah satu anggota tim penasihat hukumnya, Firman Wijaya.

Suami Athiyyah Laila itu selalu berkelit ketika ditanyakan soal penyitaan hartanya. Tetapi dia seketika membantah ketika disinggung ihwal apakah betul Direktur PT Dutasari Citra Laras, Machfud Suroso, yang telah memberikan dia beberapa tanah, yang saat ini disita oleh KPK.

"Ah siapa bilang, enak saja. Gitu saja ya. Saya mau Jumat berkah dulu ya," kata Anas kepada awak media, di Gedung KPK, Jakarta, Jumat (14/3).

Anas juga berkilah soal penyitaan tanah dilakukan KPK. Dia malah mengatakan tidak tahu kalau tanah itu atas nama mertuanya, KH Attabik Ali.

"O iya? Sudah ya? Saya tidak tahu. Aset siapa itu? Oh katanya ya," ujar Anas.

Wah!! Macet parah, Kota Jakarta nyaris lumpuh

Bekasi, Saco-Indonesia.com - Hujan yang mengguyur wilayah Jakarta sejak semalam mengakibatkan sejumlah ruas di ibu kota banjir. Air yang menggenangi jalan-jalan Jakarta ini mengakibatkan kemacetan parah.

Pantauan Jumat (17/1), kemacetan panjang terjadi di antaranya Jalan MT Haryono, Jakarta Timur, Jalan Mangga Dua Raya, Jalan Pluit Putra Jakarta Utara, Jalan Arjuna Jakarta Barat, Jalan Boulevard Kelapa Gading Jakut. Banyak kendaraan nyaris tak bergerak.

Kemacetan parah juga terjadi di tol. Kemacetan panjang terjadi di Tol Cikampek menuju Jakarta. Diperparah lagi kemacetan akut di Tol Dalam Kota. Kendaraan nyaris tak bergerak sejak pukul 06.00 WIB.

Kemacetan juga terjadi di Tol Cakung arak Tanjung Priok dan Tol Pluit. Saat ini hujan masih mengguyur wilayah Jakarta dan sekitarnya.

Sumber : Kompas.com

Editor : Maulana Lee

CONTOH KARYA ILMIAH TENTANG KEBERSIHAN LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH

Kebersihan Lingkungan merupakan faktor utama kenyamanan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Apabila lingkungan tidak bersih, maka segala aktifitas tidak akan berjalan dengan baik. Oleh karena itu, disini Admin D3 Perbankan Syariah akan memberikan contoh karya ilmiah tentang Kebersihan Lingkungan Sekolah. Karena sekolah merupakan tempat untuk sarana belajar dan mengajar, maka sekolah tersebut haruslah bersih. Supaya para siswa dan guru merasa nyaman untuk melakukan Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar (KBM). Untuk contoh karya tulis/karya ilmiah tentang kebersihan lingkungan di sekolah silahkan baca selengkapnya. BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Siswa-siswi SMPN 15 Bogor akan merasa nyaman berada di lingkungan sekolah yang lingkungannya bersih, bahkan bukan hanya para siswa saja yang merasa nyaman berada di tempat yang bersih, para pengajar pun akan merasakan nyaman dalam memberikan pelajaran kepada anak didiknya. Namun pada kenyataannya lingkungan SMPN 15 Bogor masih jauh dari harapan kebersihan yang maksimal. Untuk itu kami membuat karya ilmiah ini agar dapat membantu meningkatkan kebersihan lingkungan SMPN 15 Bogor. Langkah awal yang harus dilakukan oleh para siswa dan para guru adalah harus membiasakan diri dengan kehidupan sehari-hari yang bersih di lingkungan sekolah. Caranya adalah membuang sampah pada tempatnya. Adapun cara-cara lain yang lebih menjurus ke kegiatan yang biasa dilakukan sehari-hari oleh para murid yaitu seorang wali kelas membentuk jadwal piket harian agar kebersihan lingkungan SMPN 15 Bogor itu sendiri terjaga kebersihannya setiap hari. Dan juga setelah selesai membersihkan ruang kelas ataupun ruangan lainnya harus ada kesadaran didalam diri tiap individu untuk selalu menjaga kebersihan dimanapun berada. Didalam suatu sekolah ada susunan organisasi para pengajar dan staf-staf lainya, salah satunya adanya Cleaning Service yang pekerjaannya adalah membersihkan seluruh lingkungan sekolah. Cleaning Service itu sendiri harus sadar akan kebersihan lingkungan sekolah dan itu tanggung jawab pekerjaannya. Jadi untuk meningkatkan kebersihan di SMPN 15 Bogor harus saling menyadari bahwa pentingnya kebersihan lingkungan sekolah untuk kenyamanan kita dalam memberi dan menerima pelajaran agar kita lebih fokus dalam bidangnya masing-masing. 1.2 Permasalahan 1.2.1 Bagaimana cara meningkatkan kebersihan lingkungan SMPN 15 Bogor ? 1.2.2 Usaha apa saja yang harus dilakukan dalam meningkatkan kebersihan lingkungan SMPN 15 Bogor ? 1.2.3 Untuk apa kita meningkatkan kebersihan lingkungan SMPN 15 Bogor ? 1.2.4 Siapa saja yang harus terlibat dalam usaha meningkatkan kebersihan lingkungan SMPN 15 Bogor ? 1.3 Tujuan Penulisan Penulisan kaya tulis ini bertujuan : 1.3.1 Memenuhi salah satu tugas mata pelajaran. 1.3.2 Mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh kebersihan terhadap lingkungan SMPN 15 Bogor. 1.3.3 Ikut serta dalam upaya mengembangkan penanaman kebersihan pada diri siswa. 1.3.4 Memberikan solusi atau masukan terhadap SMPN 15 Bogor tentang kebersihan lingkungan agar tingkat kebersihan sekolah di SMPN 15 Bogor meningkat. 1.4 Metode Penelitian 1.4.1 Pengamatan atau survey terhadap beberapa lingkungan yang ada di SMPN 15 Bogor. 1.4.2 Membuat dan menyebarkan pamflet disekitar lingkungan SMPN 15 Bogor. 1.5 Manfaat Penelitian 1.5.1 Sebagai sumbangan ide bagi pengelola lingkungan. 1.5.2 Sebagai salah satu alternatif cara meningkatkan kebersihan lingkungan SMPN 15 Bogor. 1.5.3 Sebagai solusi terhadap kebersihan sekolah di SMPN 15 Bogor. 1.6 Sistematika Makalah Pengolahan data dari hasil pengamatan kebersihan lingkungan sekolah SMPN 15 Bogor. Adapun system penulisan dari Makalah Laporan Penelitian Sosial ini adalah : • BAB I, berisi tentang pendahuluan membahas tentang latar belakang, permasalahan, tujuan, manfaat, metode dan sistematika. • BAB II, berisi tentang pembahasan. • BAB III, berisi tentang kesimpulan dan saran. BAB II PEMBAHASAN Untuk lebih lengkapnya mengenai Contoh Karya Ilmiah tentang Kebersihan Lingkungan Sekolah, silahkan kunjungi Link ini http://pbsstainmetro.blogspot.com/2013/03/contoh-karya-ilmiah-tentang-kebersihan.html> CONTOH KARYA ILMIAH TENTANG KEBERSIHAN LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH

Jalan kaki sambil SMS berbahaya

Bekasi, Saco-Indonesia.com - Kemajuan teknologi saat ini seakan tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kehidupan Anda. Selama 24 jam dalam sehari Anda pun seakan tidak dapat berpisah dari alat komunikasi Anda. Anda melakukan berbagai macam hal sambil mengirim pesan atau menelpon. Tentu saja hal ini dapat menimbulkan bahaya dan mengganggu kesehatan.

Seperti dilansir dari nydailynews.com, mengirim pesan atau SMS-an sambil berjalan dapat mengganggu kemampuan seseorang untuk berjalan mengikuti garis lurus dan menjaga kecepatannya dalam berjalan.

Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh para peneliti di University of Queensland, Australia ini menemukan bahwa ketika seseorang berjalan sambil mengirim pesan atau asyik dengan gadget mereka, maka gerakan jalan kaki mereka jadi tidak terarah dan kecepatan mereka dalam berjalan kaki pun juga terganggu.

"Saat Anda sedang berjalan kaki namun asyik dengan alat komunikasi Anda, maka konsentrasi Anda menjadi terpecah. Keseimbangan dan kemampuan Anda untuk berjalan akan terganggu. Akibatnya keselamatan Anda pun terancam," jelas Siobhan Schabrun, salah seorang peneliti.

Jadi, bijaklah dalam menggunakan alat komunikasi dan gadget Anda. Jangan sampai kesehatan dan keselamatan Anda terganggu akibat benda ini.

Sumber : merdeka.com

Editor : Maulana Lee

Top News China’s Intents Are Questioned as It Builds in Antarctica

HOBART, Tasmania — Few places seem out of reach for China’s leader, Xi Jinping, who has traveled from European capitals to obscure Pacific and Caribbean islands in pursuit of his nation’s strategic interests.

So perhaps it was not surprising when he turned up last fall in this city on the edge of the Southern Ocean to put down a long-distance marker in another faraway region, Antarctica, 2,000 miles south of this Australian port.

Standing on the deck of an icebreaker that ferries Chinese scientists from this last stop before the frozen continent, Mr. Xi pledged that China would continue to expand in one of the few places on earth that remain unexploited by humans.

He signed a five-year accord with the Australian government that allows Chinese vessels and, in the future, aircraft to resupply for fuel and food before heading south. That will help secure easier access to a region that is believed to have vast oil and mineral resources; huge quantities of high-protein sea life; and for times of possible future dire need, fresh water contained in icebergs.

It was not until 1985, about seven decades after Robert Scott and Roald Amundsen raced to the South Pole, that a team representing Beijing hoisted the Chinese flag over the nation’s first Antarctic research base, the Great Wall Station on King George Island.

But now China seems determined to catch up. As it has bolstered spending on Antarctic research, and as the early explorers, especially the United States and Australia, confront stagnant budgets, there is growing concern about its intentions.

China’s operations on the continent — it opened its fourth research station last year, chose a site for a fifth, and is investing in a second icebreaker and new ice-capable planes and helicopters — are already the fastest growing of the 52 signatories to the Antarctic Treaty. That gentlemen’s agreement reached in 1959 bans military activity on the continent and aims to preserve it as one of the world’s last wildernesses; a related pact prohibits mining.

But Mr. Xi’s visit was another sign that China is positioning itself to take advantage of the continent’s resource potential when the treaty expires in 2048 — or in the event that it is ripped up before, Chinese and Australian experts say.

“So far, our research is natural-science based, but we know there is more and more concern about resource security,” said Yang Huigen, director general of the Polar Research Institute of China, who accompanied Mr. Xi last November on his visit to Hobart and stood with him on the icebreaker, Xue Long, or Snow Dragon.

With that in mind, the polar institute recently opened a new division devoted to the study of resources, law, geopolitics and governance in Antarctica and the Arctic, Mr. Yang said.

Australia, a strategic ally of the United States that has strong economic relations with China, is watching China’s buildup in the Antarctic with a mix of gratitude — China’s presence offers support for Australia’s Antarctic science program, which is short of cash — and wariness.

“We should have no illusions about the deeper agenda — one that has not even been agreed to by Chinese scientists but is driven by Xi, and most likely his successors,” said Peter Jennings, executive director of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute and a former senior official in the Australian Department of Defense.

“This is part of a broader pattern of a mercantilist approach all around the world,” Mr. Jennings added. “A big driver of Chinese policy is to secure long-term energy supply and food supply.”

That approach was evident last month when a large Chinese agriculture enterprise announced an expansion of its fishing operations around Antarctica to catch more krill — small, protein-rich crustaceans that are abundant in Antarctic waters.

“The Antarctic is a treasure house for all human beings, and China should go there and share,” Liu Shenli, the chairman of the China National Agricultural Development Group, told China Daily, a state-owned newspaper. China would aim to fish up to two million tons of krill a year, he said, a substantial increase from what it currently harvests.

Because sovereignty over Antarctica is unclear, nations have sought to strengthen their claims over the ice-covered land by building research bases and naming geographic features. China’s fifth station will put it within reach of the six American facilities, and ahead of Australia’s three.

Chinese mappers have also given Chinese names to more than 300 sites, compared with the thousands of locations on the continent with English names.

In the unspoken competition for Antarctica’s future, scientific achievement can also translate into influence. Chinese scientists are driving to be the first to drill and recover an ice core containing tiny air bubbles that provide a record of climate change stretching as far back as 1.5 million years. It is an expensive and delicate effort at which others, including the European Union and Australia, have failed.

In a breakthrough a decade ago, European scientists extracted an ice core nearly two miles long that revealed 800,000 years of climate history. But finding an ice core going back further would allow scientists to examine a change in the earth’s climate cycles believed to have occurred 900,000 to 1.2 million years ago.

China is betting it has found the best location to drill, at an area called Dome A, or Dome Argus, the highest point on the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Though it is considered one of the coldest places on the planet, with temperatures of 130 degrees below zero Fahrenheit, a Chinese expedition explored the area in 2005 and established a research station in 2009.

“The international community has drilled in lots of places, but no luck so far,” said Xiao Cunde, a member of the first party to reach the site and the deputy director of the Institute for Climate Change at the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences. “We think at Dome A we will have a straight shot at the one-million-year ice core.”

Mr. Xiao said China had already begun drilling and hoped to find what scientists are looking for in four to five years.

To support its Antarctic aspirations, China is building a sophisticated $300 million icebreaker that is expected to be ready in a few years, said Xia Limin, deputy director of the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration in Beijing. It has also bought a high-tech fixed-wing aircraft, outfitted in the United States, for taking sensitive scientific soundings from the ice.

China has chosen the site for its fifth research station at Inexpressible Island, named by a group of British explorers who were stranded at the desolate site in 1912 and survived the winter by excavating a small ice cave.

Mr. Xia said the inhospitable spot was ideal because China did not have a presence in that part of Antarctica, and because the rocky site did not have much snow, making it relatively cheap to build there.

Anne-Marie Brady, a professor of political science at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand and the author of a soon-to-be-released book, “China as a Polar Great Power,” said Chinese scientists also believed they had a good chance of finding mineral and energy resources near the site.

“China is playing a long game in Antarctica and keeping other states guessing about its true intentions and interests are part of its poker hand,” she said. But she noted that China’s interest in finding minerals was presented “loud and clear to domestic audiences” as the main reason it was investing in Antarctica.

Because commercial drilling is banned, estimates of energy and mineral resources in Antarctica rely on remote sensing data and comparisons with similar geological environments elsewhere, said Millard F. Coffin, executive director of the Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies in Hobart.

But the difficulty of extraction in such severe conditions and uncertainty about future commodity prices make it unlikely that China or any country would defy the ban on mining anytime soon.

Tourism, however, is already booming. Travelers from China are still a relatively small contingent in the Antarctic compared with the more than 13,000 Americans who visited in 2013, and as yet there are no licensed Chinese tour operators.

But that is about to change, said Anthony Bergin, deputy director of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute. “I understand very soon there will be Chinese tourists on Chinese vessels with all-Chinese crew in the Antarctic,” he said.

Jayne Meadows, Actress and Steve Allen’s Wife and Co-Star, Dies at 95

Ms. Meadows was the older sister of Audrey Meadows, who played Alice Kramden on “The Honeymooners.”

Joseph Lechleider, a Father of the DSL Internet Technology, Dies at 82

Mr. Lechleider helped invent DSL technology, which enabled phone companies to offer high-speed web access over their infrastructure of copper wires.

Baltimore Residents Away From Turmoil Consider Their Role

BALTIMORE — In the afternoons, the streets of Locust Point are clean and nearly silent. In front of the rowhouses, potted plants rest next to steps of brick or concrete. There is a shopping center nearby with restaurants, and a grocery store filled with fresh foods.

And the National Guard and the police are largely absent. So, too, residents say, are worries about what happened a few miles away on April 27 when, in a space of hours, parts of this city became riot zones.

“They’re not our reality,” Ashley Fowler, 30, said on Monday at the restaurant where she works. “They’re not what we’re living right now. We live in, not to be racist, white America.”

As Baltimore considers its way forward after the violent unrest brought by the death of Freddie Gray, a 25-year-old black man who died of injuries he suffered while in police custody, residents in its predominantly white neighborhoods acknowledge that they are sometimes struggling to understand what beyond Mr. Gray’s death spurred the turmoil here. For many, the poverty and troubled schools of gritty West Baltimore are distant troubles, glimpsed only when they pass through the area on their way somewhere else.

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And so neighborhoods of Baltimore are facing altogether different reckonings after Mr. Gray’s death. In mostly black communities like Sandtown-Winchester, where some of the most destructive rioting played out last week, residents are hoping businesses will reopen and that the police will change their strategies. But in mostly white areas like Canton and Locust Point, some residents wonder what role, if any, they should play in reimagining stretches of Baltimore where they do not live.

“Most of the people are kind of at a loss as to what they’re supposed to do,” said Dr. Richard Lamb, a dentist who has practiced in the same Locust Point office for nearly 39 years. “I listen to the news reports. I listen to the clergymen. I listen to the facts of the rampant unemployment and the lack of opportunities in the area. Listen, I pay my taxes. Exactly what can I do?”

And in Canton, where the restaurants have clever names like Nacho Mama’s and Holy Crepe Bakery and Café, Sara Bahr said solutions seemed out of reach for a proudly liberal city.

“I can only imagine how frustrated they must be,” said Ms. Bahr, 36, a nurse who was out with her 3-year-old daughter, Sally. “I just wish I knew how to solve poverty. I don’t know what to do to make it better.”

The day of unrest and the overwhelmingly peaceful demonstrations that followed led to hundreds of arrests, often for violations of the curfew imposed on the city for five consecutive nights while National Guard soldiers patrolled the streets. Although there were isolated instances of trouble in Canton, the neighborhood association said on its website, many parts of southeast Baltimore were physically untouched by the tumult.

Tensions in the city bubbled anew on Monday after reports that the police had wounded a black man in Northwest Baltimore. The authorities denied those reports and sent officers to talk with the crowds that gathered while other officers clutching shields blocked traffic at Pennsylvania and West North Avenues.

Lt. Col. Melvin Russell, a community police officer, said officers had stopped a man suspected of carrying a handgun and that “one of those rounds was spent.”

Colonel Russell said officers had not opened fire, “so we couldn’t have shot him.”

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The colonel said the man had not been injured but was taken to a hospital as a precaution. Nearby, many people stood in disbelief, despite the efforts by the authorities to quash reports they described as “unfounded.”

Monday’s episode was a brief moment in a larger drama that has yielded anger and confusion. Although many people said they were familiar with accounts of the police harassing or intimidating residents, many in Canton and Locust Point said they had never experienced it themselves. When they watched the unrest, which many protesters said was fueled by feelings that they lived only on Baltimore’s margins, even those like Ms. Bahr who were pained by what they saw said they could scarcely comprehend the emotions associated with it.

But others, like Lambi Vasilakopoulos, who runs a casual restaurant in Canton, said they were incensed by what unfolded last week.

“What happened wasn’t called for. Protests are one thing; looting is another thing,” he said, adding, “We’re very frustrated because we’re the ones who are going to pay for this.”

There were pockets of optimism, though, that Baltimore would enter a period of reconciliation.

“I’m just hoping for peace,” Natalie Boies, 53, said in front of the Locust Point home where she has lived for 50 years. “Learn to love each other; be patient with each other; find justice; and care.”

A skeptical Mr. Vasilakopoulos predicted tensions would worsen.

“It cannot be fixed,” he said. “It’s going to get worse. Why? Because people don’t obey the laws. They don’t want to obey them.”

But there were few fears that the violence that plagued West Baltimore last week would play out on these relaxed streets. The authorities, Ms. Fowler said, would make sure of that.

“They kept us safe here,” she said. “I didn’t feel uncomfortable when I was in my house three blocks away from here. I knew I was going to be O.K. because I knew they weren’t going to let anyone come and loot our properties or our businesses or burn our cars.”

Take the Money and Run

The career criminals in genre novels don’t have money problems. If they need some, they just go out and steal it. But such financial transactions can backfire, which is what happened back in 2004 when the Texas gang in Michael

Hard but Hopeful Home to ‘Lot of Freddies’

Todd Heisler/The New York Times

Children playing last week in Sandtown-Winchester, the Baltimore neighborhood where Freddie Gray was raised. One young resident called it “a tough community.”

Hard but Hopeful Home to ‘Lot of Freddies’

The neighborhood where Freddie Gray came of age has survived harrowing rates of unemployment, poor health, violent crime and incarceration.

William Sokolin, Wine Seller Who Broke Famed Bottle, Dies at 85

The bottle Mr. Sokolin famously broke was a 1787 Château Margaux, which was said to have belonged to Thomas Jefferson. Mr. Sokolin had been hoping to sell it for $519,750.

Ben E. King, Soulful Singer of ‘Stand by Me,’ Dies at 76

Mr. King sang for the Drifters and found success as a solo performer with hits like “Spanish Harlem.”

Verne Gagne, Wrestler Who Grappled Through Two Eras, Dies at 89

Gagne wrestled professionally from the late 1940s until the 1980s and was a transitional figure between the early 20th century barnstormers and the steroidal sideshows of today

Andrew Lesnie, Cinematographer of ‘Lord of the Rings,’ Dies at 59

The magical quality Mr. Lesnie created in shooting the “Babe” films caught the eye of the director Peter Jackson, who chose him to film the fantasy epic.

Ghostly Voices From Thomas Edison’s Dolls Can Now Be Heard

Though Robin and Joan Rolfs owned two rare talking dolls manufactured by Thomas Edison’s phonograph company in 1890, they did not dare play the wax cylinder records tucked inside each one.

The Rolfses, longtime collectors of Edison phonographs, knew that if they turned the cranks on the dolls’ backs, the steel phonograph needle might damage or destroy the grooves of the hollow, ring-shaped cylinder. And so for years, the dolls sat side by side inside a display cabinet, bearers of a message from the dawn of sound recording that nobody could hear.

In 1890, Edison’s dolls were a flop; production lasted only six weeks. Children found them difficult to operate and more scary than cuddly. The recordings inside, which featured snippets of nursery rhymes, wore out quickly.

Yet sound historians say the cylinders were the first entertainment records ever made, and the young girls hired to recite the rhymes were the world’s first recording artists.

Year after year, the Rolfses asked experts if there might be a safe way to play the recordings. Then a government laboratory developed a method to play fragile records without touching them.

The technique relies on a microscope to create images of the grooves in exquisite detail. A computer approximates — with great accuracy — the sounds that would have been created by a needle moving through those grooves.

In 2014, the technology was made available for the first time outside the laboratory.

“The fear all along is that we don’t want to damage these records. We don’t want to put a stylus on them,” said Jerry Fabris, the curator of the Thomas Edison Historical Park in West Orange, N.J. “Now we have the technology to play them safely.”

Last month, the Historical Park posted online three never-before-heard Edison doll recordings, including the two from the Rolfses’ collection. “There are probably more out there, and we’re hoping people will now get them digitized,” Mr. Fabris said.

The technology, which is known as Irene (Image, Reconstruct, Erase Noise, Etc.), was developed by the particle physicist Carl Haber and the engineer Earl Cornell at Lawrence Berkeley. Irene extracts sound from cylinder and disk records. It can also reconstruct audio from recordings so badly damaged they were deemed unplayable.

“We are now hearing sounds from history that I did not expect to hear in my lifetime,” Mr. Fabris said.

The Rolfses said they were not sure what to expect in August when they carefully packed their two Edison doll cylinders, still attached to their motors, and drove from their home in Hortonville, Wis., to the National Document Conservation Center in Andover, Mass. The center had recently acquired Irene technology.

Cylinders carry sound in a spiral groove cut by a phonograph recording needle that vibrates up and down, creating a surface made of tiny hills and valleys. In the Irene set-up, a microscope perched above the shaft takes thousands of high-resolution images of small sections of the grooves.

Stitched together, the images provide a topographic map of the cylinder’s surface, charting changes in depth as small as one five-hundredth the thickness of a human hair. Pitch, volume and timbre are all encoded in the hills and valleys and the speed at which the record is played.

At the conservation center, the preservation specialist Mason Vander Lugt attached one of the cylinders to the end of a rotating shaft. Huddled around a computer screen, the Rolfses first saw the wiggly waveform generated by Irene. Then came the digital audio. The words were at first indistinct, but as Mr. Lugt filtered out more of the noise, the rhyme became clearer.

“That was the Eureka moment,” Mr. Rolfs said.

In 1890, a girl in Edison’s laboratory had recited:

There was a little girl,

And she had a little curl

Right in the middle of her forehead.

When she was good,

She was very, very good.

But when she was bad, she was horrid.

Recently, the conservation center turned up another surprise.

In 2010, the Woody Guthrie Foundation received 18 oversize phonograph disks from an anonymous donor. No one knew if any of the dirt-stained recordings featured Guthrie, but Tiffany Colannino, then the foundation’s archivist, had stored them unplayed until she heard about Irene.

Last fall, the center extracted audio from one of the records, labeled “Jam Session 9” and emailed the digital file to Ms. Colannino.

“I was just sitting in my dining room, and the next thing I know, I’m hearing Woody,” she said. In between solo performances of “Ladies Auxiliary,” “Jesus Christ,” and “Dead or Alive,” Guthrie tells jokes, offers some back story, and makes the audience laugh. “It is quintessential Guthrie,” Ms. Colannino said.

The Rolfses’ dolls are back in the display cabinet in Wisconsin. But with audio stored on several computers, they now have a permanent voice.

Tribute for a Roller Hockey Warrior

Hockey is not exactly known as a city game, but played on roller skates, it once held sway as the sport of choice in many New York neighborhoods.

“City kids had no rinks, no ice, but they would do anything to play hockey,” said Edward Moffett, former director of the Long Island City Y.M.C.A. Roller Hockey League, in Queens, whose games were played in city playgrounds going back to the 1940s.

From the 1960s through the 1980s, the league had more than 60 teams, he said. Players included the Mullen brothers of Hell’s Kitchen and Dan Dorion of Astoria, Queens, who would later play on ice for the National Hockey League.

One street legend from the heyday of New York roller hockey was Craig Allen, who lived in the Woodside Houses projects and became one of the city’s hardest hitters and top scorers.

“Craig was a warrior, one of the best roller hockey players in the city in the ’70s,” said Dave Garmendia, 60, a retired New York police officer who grew up playing with Mr. Allen. “His teammates loved him and his opponents feared him.”

Young Craig took up hockey on the streets of Queens in the 1960s, playing pickup games between sewer covers, wearing steel-wheeled skates clamped onto school shoes and using a roll of electrical tape as the puck.

His skill and ferocity drew attention, Mr. Garmendia said, but so did his skin color. He was black, in a sport made up almost entirely by white players.

“Roller hockey was a white kid’s game, plain and simple, but Craig broke the color barrier,” Mr. Garmendia said. “We used to say Craig did more for race relations than the N.A.A.C.P.”

Mr. Allen went on to coach and referee roller hockey in New York before moving several years ago to South Carolina. But he continued to organize an annual alumni game at Dutch Kills Playground in Long Island City, the same site that held the local championship games.

The reunion this year was on Saturday, but Mr. Allen never made it. On April 26, just before boarding the bus to New York, he died of an asthma attack at age 61.

Word of his death spread rapidly among hundreds of his old hockey colleagues who resolved to continue with the event, now renamed the Craig Allen Memorial Roller Hockey Reunion.

The turnout on Saturday was the largest ever, with players pulling on their old equipment, choosing sides and taking once again to the rink of cracked blacktop with faded lines and circles. They wore no helmets, although one player wore a fedora.

Another, Vinnie Juliano, 77, of Long Island City, wore his hearing aids, along with his 50-year-old taped-up quads, or four-wheeled skates with a leather boot. Many players here never converted to in-line skates, and neither did Mr. Allen, whose photograph appeared on a poster hanging behind the players’ bench.

“I’m seeing people walking by wondering why all these rusty, grizzly old guys are here playing hockey,” one player, Tommy Dominguez, said. “We’re here for Craig, and let me tell you, these old guys still play hard.”

Everyone seemed to have a Craig Allen story, from his earliest teams at Public School 151 to the Bryant Rangers, the Woodside Wings, the Woodside Blues and more.

Mr. Allen, who became a yellow-cab driver, was always recruiting new talent. He gained the nickname Cabby for his habit of stopping at playgrounds all over the city to scout players.

Teams were organized around neighborhoods and churches, and often sponsored by local bars. Mr. Allen, for one, played for bars, including Garry Owen’s and on the Fiddler’s Green Jokers team in Inwood, Manhattan.

Play was tough and fights were frequent.

“We were basically street gangs on skates,” said Steve Rogg, 56, a mail clerk who grew up in Jackson Heights, Queens, and who on Saturday wore his Riedell Classic quads from 1972. “If another team caught up with you the night before a game, they tossed you a beating so you couldn’t play the next day.”

Mr. Garmendia said Mr. Allen’s skin color provoked many fights.

“When we’d go to some ignorant neighborhoods, a lot of players would use slurs,” Mr. Garmendia said, recalling a game in Ozone Park, Queens, where local fans parked motorcycles in a lineup next to the blacktop and taunted Mr. Allen. Mr. Garmendia said he checked a player into the motorcycles, “and the bikes went down like dominoes, which started a serious brawl.”

A group of fans at a game in Brooklyn once stuck a pole through the rink fence as Mr. Allen skated by and broke his jaw, Mr. Garmendia said, adding that carloads of reinforcements soon arrived to defend Mr. Allen.

And at another racially incited brawl, the police responded with six patrol cars and a helicopter.

Before play began on Saturday, the players gathered at center rink to honor Mr. Allen. Billy Barnwell, 59, of Woodside, recalled once how an all-white, all-star squad snubbed Mr. Allen by playing him third string. He scored seven goals in the first game and made first string immediately.

“He’d always hear racial stuff before the game, and I’d ask him, ‘How do you put up with that?’” Mr. Barnwell recalled. “Craig would say, ‘We’ll take care of it,’ and by the end of the game, he’d win guys over. They’d say, ‘This guy’s good.’”

Meet Mago, Former Heavyweight

GREENWICH, Conn. — Mago is in the bedroom. You can go in.

The big man lies on a hospital bed with his bare feet scraping its bottom rail. His head is propped on a scarlet pillow, the left temple dented, the right side paralyzed. His dark hair is kept just long enough to conceal the scars.

The occasional sounds he makes are understood only by his wife, but he still has that punctuating left hand. In slow motion, the fingers curl and close. A thumbs-up greeting.

Hello, Mago.

This is Magomed Abdusalamov, 34, also known as the Russian Tyson, also known as Mago. He is a former heavyweight boxer who scored four knockouts and 14 technical knockouts in his first 18 professional fights. He preferred to stand between rounds. Sitting conveyed weakness.

But Mago lost his 19th fight, his big chance, at the packed Theater at Madison Square Garden in November 2013. His 19th decision, and his last.

Now here he is, in a small bedroom in a working-class neighborhood in Greenwich, in a modest house his family rents cheap from a devoted friend. The air-pressure machine for his mattress hums like an expectant crowd.

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Today is like any other day, except for those days when he is hurried in crisis to the hospital. Every three hours during the night, his slight wife, Bakanay, 28, has risen to turn his 6-foot-3 body — 210 pounds of dead weight. It has to be done. Infections of the gaping bedsore above his tailbone have nearly killed him.

Then, with the help of a young caretaker, Baka has gotten two of their daughters off to elementary school and settled down the toddler. Yes, Mago and Baka are blessed with all girls, but they had also hoped for a son someday.

They feed Mago as they clean him; it’s easier that way. For breakfast, which comes with a side of crushed antiseizure pills, he likes oatmeal with a squirt of Hershey’s chocolate syrup. But even oatmeal must be puréed and fed to him by spoon.

He opens his mouth to indicate more, the way a baby does. But his paralysis has made everything a choking hazard. His water needs a stirring of powdered food thickener, and still he chokes — eh-eh-eh — as he tries to cough up what will not go down.

Mago used to drink only water. No alcohol. Not even soda. A sip of juice would be as far as he dared. Now even water betrays him.

With the caretaker’s help, Baka uses a washcloth and soap to clean his body and shampoo his hair. How handsome still, she has thought. Sometimes, in the night, she leaves the bedroom to watch old videos, just to hear again his voice in the fullness of life. She cries, wipes her eyes and returns, feigning happiness. Mago must never see her sad.

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When Baka finishes, Mago is cleanshaven and fresh down to his trimmed and filed toenails. “I want him to look good,” she says.

Theirs was an arranged Muslim marriage in Makhachkala, in the Russian republic of Dagestan. He was 23, she was 18 and their future hinged on boxing. Sometimes they would shadowbox in love, her David to his Goliath. You are so strong, he would tell her.

His father once told him he could either be a bandit or an athlete, but if he chose banditry, “I will kill you.” This paternal advice, Mago later told The Ventura County Reporter, “made it a very easy decision for me.”

Mago won against mediocre competition, in Moscow and Hollywood, Fla., in Las Vegas and Johnstown, Pa. He was knocked down only once, and even then, it surprised more than hurt. He scored a technical knockout in the next round.

It all led up to this: the undercard at the Garden, Mike Perez vs. Magomed Abdusalamov, 10 rounds, on HBO. A win, he believed, would improve his chances of taking on the heavyweight champion Wladimir Klitschko, who sat in the crowd of 4,600 with his fiancée, the actress Hayden Panettiere, watching.

Wearing black-and-red trunks and a green mouth guard, Mago went to work. But in the first round, a hard forearm to his left cheek rocked him. At the bell, he returned to his corner, and this time, he sat down. “I think it’s broken,” he repeatedly said in Russian.

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Maybe at that point, somebody — the referee, the ringside doctors, his handlers — should have stopped the fight, under a guiding principle: better one punch too early than one punch too late. But the bloody trade of blows continued into the seventh, eighth, ninth, a hand and orbital bone broken, his face transforming.

Meanwhile, in the family’s apartment in Miami, Baka forced herself to watch the broadcast. She could see it in his swollen eyes. Something was off.

After the final round, Perez raised his tattooed arms in victory, and Mago wandered off in a fog. He had taken 312 punches in about 40 minutes, for a purse of $40,000.

In the locker room, doctors sutured a cut above Mago’s left eye and tested his cognitive abilities. He did not do well. The ambulance that waits in expectation at every fight was not summoned by boxing officials.

Blood was pooling in Mago’s cranial cavity as he left the Garden. He vomited on the pavement while his handlers flagged a taxi to St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital. There, doctors induced a coma and removed part of his skull to drain fluids and ease the swelling.

Then came the stroke.

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It is lunchtime now, and the aroma of puréed beef and potatoes lingers. So do the questions.

How will Mago and Baka pay the $2 million in medical bills they owe? What if their friend can no longer offer them this home? Will they win their lawsuits against the five ringside doctors, the referee, and a New York State boxing inspector? What about Mago’s future care?

Most of all: Is this it?

A napkin rests on Mago’s chest. As another spoonful of mush approaches, he opens his mouth, half-swallows, chokes, and coughs until it clears. Eh-eh-eh. Sometimes he turns bluish, but Baka never shows fear. Always happy for Mago.

Some days he is wheeled out for physical therapy or speech therapy. Today, two massage therapists come to knead his half-limp body like a pair of skilled corner men.

Soon, Mago will doze. Then his three daughters, ages 2, 6 and 9, will descend upon him to talk of their day. Not long ago, the oldest lugged his championship belt to school for a proud show-and-tell moment. Her classmates were amazed at the weight of it.

Then, tonight, there will be more puréed food and pulverized medication, more coughing, and more tender care from his wife, before sleep comes.

Goodbye, Mago.

He half-smiles, raises his one good hand, and forms a fist.

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Mr. Alger, who served five terms from Texas, led Republican women in a confrontation with Lyndon B. Johnson that may have cost Richard M. Nixon the 1960 presidential election.

Fatal Police Shootings: Accounts Since Ferguson

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